Periodic chnages in the temperature of the ocean surface in the Indian cean and the Pacific ocean in the east is called southern oscialltion, this affect the overall mechanism of El Nino (caused due the warming of the central pacific waters): this combined effect is known as El Nino Southern Oscillation
Indian Ocean diploe is due to the difference in temperature of Indian Ocean across both sides of Srilanka mainland, such that the difference in temperature creates a temperature and pressure gradient is called Indian Ocean dipole
Impact on the monsoon
1. They can delay the monsoon arrival
2. they can reduce the monsoon rain intensity over a period of time
3. they can cause early reversal of the monsoon or the late reversal of the monsoon
4. Due to the above impacts, the agricultural output will be impacted
5. Rains in Southern India will be impacted (more specifically due to indian ocean dipole due to close geographical proximity to the southern India)
*In first para you are partly right and partly wrong. It is combined effect of el nino (that is warming of central pacific waters) and the air pressure resulting due to such warming (southern oscillation). So warming and cooling water of central pacific result in the changes in sea level pressure, which influences the atmospheric pressure around and above it. This cycle of change in air pressure due to warming and cooling of central pacific waters is called southern Oscillation. When El Nino combines with Southern Oscillation, this is called ENSO. This causes major changes in the atmeospheric flow of air currents across the world. And air currents affect weather
**In 2nd para, better write difference between western Indian Ocean and Eastern Indian Ocean (rather than Sri Lanka mainland)
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