‘To ensure effective implementation of policies addressing water, sanitation and hygiene needs, the identification of beneficiary segments is to be synchronized with the anticipated outcomes’ Examine the statement in the context of the WASH scheme. (150 words)

For effective implementation, innovative strategies need to be deployed:
1. what are the areas, where we have frequent water, sanitation and hygiene issues, historical data, geographical data will help us identification of beneficiaries. once identified, proper outcome plan need to be made by local self government institutions like panchayat and munciipalities
2. identificiation of beneficiaries using moving caravans all over the city, traget locations like hospitals, colleges, schools and other institutions where chances of dumping garabage is maximum. Such institutions to have representatives . frequent meeting with them by district collectors for better outcome
3. mass rallies (swachhta pakhwad was one suhc initiaitve) to identify beneficiaries: outcomes to be achiveed by registering online compliants
4. scientific tools like data mining, robots etc for identification of beneficiaries.

*Question was on how will you check the effectiveness of the scheme? (even if you identify the beneficiaries, how will ensure that you are getting results:
** few points are ok like- meetig with district collectors, registering online complaints, data mining etc
*** you can also add few more points like- 100% eliminiation of a water borne disease like cholera in certain district by 2019 or so..(recently we eliminated trachoma)

How to solve the problem of malnutrition in India?

Its very embarassing that despite many government initiatives, we witness acute malnutrition (especially among children). It is also reflected in the Global hunger report, brought by IFPRI (international food policy research institute). The reasons are:
1. drought ( so that government initiatives are unable to show fruitful results)
2. structural deficiency (so that multiplier effect of government policies, do not come out efficiently)
We need to deploy innovative measures to solve the malnutrition problem:
1.monetary benefits , for e.g. giving Rs 6000 to pregnant lactating women; need to go beyond this; only monetary benefits to selective population- a more better strategy would be mass upheaval programme. Fund a pool of money- from actors, civil society, government, NGOs, corporates, FDI, borrowing etc., then randomly distibute this money to all who are admitted in the hospitals (who are currently undergoing treatment for malnutrition such as anameia, child stunting, wasting etc). The names of the beneficiaries can be taken from the hospital records, anganwadis, PHCs, CHCs (why to involve a complex process of first identification of beneficiaries through SECC, an then giving them benefits, this is the long process, often results get delayed)
2. proper surveillance measures; the beneficiaries need to be tracked, using local self govenrment institutions like Panchayats, municipalies, district collectors etc.
3. mass awarenes- through facebook, whatspp, gmail-bulk messages, instagram, linkedin etc.
4. shedding off ego- district collectors going for door to door campaign along with local legislators like wards; and to enroll themselevs in such programmes
5. learning from examples ; other countries best practices to be emulated- Brazil, african countries, fiji etc who have more thrust on such social welfare schemes
6. incentives based programmes- the institutions who will enrol maximum number of such beneficiaries will get monetary awards, permanent jobs in government organisations etc.
Basically, a comprehensive approach focussing on mass upheaval is necessary.

India has achieved remarkable successes in unmanned space missions including the Chandrayaan and Mars Orbitter Mission, but has not ventured into manned space mission, both in terms of technology and logistics? Explain critically

Technology obstacles:
1. India has entered late into GS:LV regime, that can lift off the heavy satellites (it enetered late into MTCR), so with PSLV technologies were unable for a manned space mission (need a tehcnology that can lift off heavier versions).; also manned space mission currently technology available with Russia, China and US. (GSLV need much more tweaking to achiev manned space mission, technology transfer has not tken place from these countries)
Logistics obstacles:
1. space base mainly publicly owned ; ISRO and Space centre located at Bengaluru, need also private owners for assembly and contributing the required manpower.
However despite this, governemnt is passionate about chandrayaan mission, first moon landing mission in 2018 (with ISRO and private partners and tweaking of GSLV)

*It is not a manned mission, but a rover and lander
**you are right in tweaking technologies- we need a life supporting system, technology that can dock into the space station, environmental control and life supporting system, re-entry technology and etc.

Stem cell therapy is gaining popularity in India to treat a wide variety of medical conditions including leukaemia, Thallessemia, damaged sornea and several burns. Describe briefly what stem cell therapy is and what advantages it has over other treatments?

stem cell therapy refers to using adult cell to treat a degenrative state of tissues such as skin, blood, cornea etc. adult cell is take from the patient or some other person. It is then used to treat medical conditions such as thalassemia, leukemia, damged cornea.
Advantages:
1. you need not got bald, as in cancer threatment using chemotherapy
2. no ventilator conditions as in coma
3. not prolonged tratment (does not create fear among the patients)
4. an emerging technology, many countries doing reserach over the topic; so better tools and technoques , new ones to achive the desired treatments,
5. can be low cost as compared to conventional tratements
6. available help from international arena
7. acceptance among people

What are the reasons for poor acceptance of cost effective small processing unit? How the food processing unit will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers?

1. prior experience: small units not achieving break even point early (due to less market for its products)
2. geographical backwardness; reluctance to invest in processing units located in backward areas like bundelkahnd, bhagelkhand , coastal areas, SEZ etc have an advantage
3.government policies ; special policies for MSMEs , lack of implementation, lack of fund access, mainly through NBFCs, formal banking channel roite funding less observed
4. cultural backwardness, how many countries would like to invest in steel plant located in tezpur in assam, even though areas have good coal reserves
5. societal pressures, forest need to be cleared up  for sonme of them, and to go for small processing units, forest clearance is generally avoided. CAMPA fund utilisation issues in such cases
food processing units
1. farmers can get their good returns for theor produce, not dependent n markest alone, proper forward linkages will ensure economic upliftment
2. farmers produce will not get waste, food processing units will proactively procure produce from them (right season, on the spot), no issues of hoarding, seamless value added chain
3. farmers will get societal upliftment, they can own farmes in the vicinity of processing units, better standards of living will be ensured by the government

Explain various types of revolutions, took place in Agriculture after Independence in India. How these revolutions have helped in poverty alleviation and food security in India?

1, Green revolution: packaged programme, irigation facilities, HYV seeds were component of the revolution. mainly concentarted in the northern part of the country; chemical fertilisers were focussed upon
2. Blue revolution: fisheries production, mainly concentrated on the coastal regions of the country, Kerela, Tamil Nadu, Anodhra pradesh were the focus states. Government policies to increase the productivity of fish culture, ornamental fishing etc. to boost the same.
3. Pink revolution: focussed on meat production, pork, meat etc. after getting approval of APEDA, transported to countries like Indonesia, Phillipines, Middle east. foreign exchange earner, GDP contributer

These revolution helped in poverty alleviation  by multi pronged approach
1. poor farmers made use of HYV seeds, got better return of the farming
2. geographical backwardness removed after using irrigation faiclities, more projects came in that area
3. fisheries prdouctovity helped in better earnign to the poor sea side farmers, fishermen
4. meat produciton helped in btter return (diversified their earning)

food security:
1. population now not only dependent on agriculture products
2. fish, meat etc served their nutrition as well as calorie requirements
3. organisation like WTO, subsidies on public stockholding programme , peace clause achiebved, government committed to the solution of food security,

more need to be done
1. innovatiove approach like bring green revolution to eastern india
2. fishing in hinterland states, coordination with coastal states
3. meat production without unethical cattle slaughter programme, prevent cow vigilantes

Is the National Commission for Women able to strategize and tackle the problems that women face at both public and private spheres? Give reasons in support of your answer. (250 words)

It may strategise, but is it considered a toothless institution which can not bite? In order to tackle th problems, it will need more powers, similar to the constitutional bodies, bodies set up under law, As of now, its powers are limited to recommednations.Habeas corpus, similar to the judiciary instittutions, work for NCW but not to the fullest capacity, so startegy works but to the limitation that it is unable to take action.
Rapes, women trafficking at Delhi - so far no extreme actions could be taken so far by NCW.
Where are we heading to
?