What problems are germane to the decolonization process in the Malay Peninsula? (150 words)

1. Malay economy was more of plantation based (agricultural economy), so, decolonisation affected the laboureres who were involved in the agrarian economy. Problems of their rehabilitation by the new government
2. Aggression from other neighbouring economies such as Chinese, Indonesian etc. 

*2nd statement is wrong. 1st statement is right.
**one problem was to make peace with different ethnic devisions of malaysian peninsula before decolonisation could end in malaysia (or signing a peace agreement between UK and Malay peninsula). Sultans wanted their own powers, borneo had its own ethnic division. Each wexpressed the right of of its own self determination.

Why did the ‘Moderates’ failed to carry conviction with the nation about their proclaimed ideology and political goals by the end of the nineteenth century? (150 words)

1. Constitutional methods did not appeal to the masses( by the time it was end of the 19th century), Bengal had been divided and it proved a blow to the strategies of the moderates.
2. Famines for e.g. great bengal famine had convinced to the masses, that britishers were not going to do any favour to the indians, so moderates form of struggle (freedom struggle within constitutional means had no point to be continued further)
3. New strategies of struggle like extremists ideologies had sprung up who wanted to adopt passive form of resistance as the mass struggle programme
4. Youth was motovated to participate in the struggle (which was becoming difficult in the moderate phase of struggle, because the had to drop the studies to enter into reform councils, also age was a bar)

Clarify how mid-eighteenth century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity. (150 words)

1. Maratha confederacies, is one of the example of fragmented polity. They were prominent in deccan and south. Then there was Awadh, which had separate polity. Since this was the nerve of the british trade, all indigo exports were transported via awadh to bengal and then to british territories. So there was more control over Awadh by the british government.
2. Then were coastal states, like Kerela that were under rule of Martand Verma. Calicut was under Zamorin.
3. Bengal was a seperate polity. It was the centre of administration, (later this was further divided in the beginnig of the 19th century)
4. Then there were princely states (not under british india), they were ruled by the princes (so that most of them owed their allegiance to the mighty rulers for selfish reasons)
All this was due to the fact that administration for the britihsers was more at ease in fragmented polity (rather than being unified)

Can there be better innovative alternatives than bank recapitalisation by government bonds?

Banks recapitalisation is seen as an exercise, carried by the govenrment of India, in order to save them falling, to rescue them, to fulfill the gap created due to NPAs. Its good for the moment, but in my view, there could be better strategies, better alternatives, more innovative ideas to prevent them falling, failing via a snowball effect.

This exercise is seen as a more handholding exercise by the government. This is done by the government, from the sheer thought of fear, that if public sector banks fail (haircuts have not helped them either to recover maximum loss), no one even dare to point out any finger to the government. Because they are public sector: their failure would mean failure of the government, and it is also truth from perspective, that, if government can't keep depositor's money safe, then what is government for?

Earlier, RBI had taken decisions to merge some ailing public sector banks with the healthy ones. However, the government  is not seen to rely on this process of merging banks in future everytime, because this takes a heavy toll on the administrative reshuffle of the merged banks: salaries, pensions etc. of the banking personnels become more important, and this is obvious because people become more important than money. We got this experience when we merged 5 associate banks of State Bank of India. So, we drop this idea, as far as the idea of 'saving' banks is concerned.

So, we took recourse to recapitalisation. This includes market sources, funding by the government bonds and budgetary allocation. This three pronged approach is good, but is temporary. After the banks get access to the pool of money, again lending to the long gestation projects will start (though not in the same scale as it was, during post liberalisation, more specifically between 2000-2005)

So, again NPAs will mount up, again government will come to rescue for the banks via recapitalisation methods.

For how many years, we will see this? This is a cycle, trust me. This will not stop as long as India is developing. We have yet not reached, the so called state of growth rate of 1.8%, to quote the growth rate of USA, the developed country. We still aim to double the farmer's income by 2022. Double the housing by 2022. So, in that case, banks have to lend, and some portion of lending will turn into NPAs in the process.

Now let me come to the final agenda. What I try to say is that, go for the following routes to solve the problem of banks:

1. the government need not come to the rescue for the PSBs. Fund these banks from oil bonds. Meaning, raising money in the international market from the oil bonds. West asian countries, nigeria, venzuela etc will be the prime source of funds.First the money will come from these countries, they will go the banks. Then will come oil. These bonds will be raised by the government(this is more similar to market borrowing of the government in the present recapitalisation scheme.Difference lies, in that this route need to have more than 70% share of the total recapitalisation capital. At present it is less than 50% and it is not oil bonds). Benefits will be that, the banks will be, first, stomach full. The interest rates will be low, to be repaid over a large period. During this period, the country will export equivalent amount of petroleum products to these countries (or diversified export basket plus, capital)

This will work, because, India oil dependence will continue for some 20-30 years (till the time Rajasthan fields, Krishna Godavari gas fields will make India self sufficient), so it would be easy to fund these banks with capital from these countries, and at the same time will be able to export gems, jewelley, petroleum products to these markets (as per the will of these oil rich countries)

2. When we do not want to supply money to the banks, we will not raise money via oil bonds, automatically, there will be no compulsion on exporting the goods these countries.

India has to bring in maximum innovation in governance, to leapfrog. People will appreciate and trust the governance, if the objectives are fine.

How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of the Gupta numismatic art is not at all noticeable in later times? (150 words)

1. Major trading activities in post gupta period were not conducted in gold coins. There is very little evidence for that. Howver in gupta period, the traders were paid in gold. This speaks of the excellence of the gupta numismatitc art
2. In the mughal period, there were rulers like Tughlaq who did all to undermine numismatics. He banned all gold and silver coins and took to copper coins. So level of numismatics art was not visible in mughal era also
3. There was no eveidence of fine numismatics level in 19th century. The british era started punched coins made up of bronze etc.

(104 words)
*Points are correct. This shows your intellectual integrity. Although not complete answer. 
** In gupta period, on coins the rulers like samudragupta, chandrgupta, rani kumardevi etc were shwn with valor. On the reverse side, the goddess image was carved. This showed the epitome of the numismatics in the gupta period.

Indian Diaspora has an important role to play in South-East Asian countries’ economy and society. Appraise the role of Indian Diaspora in South- East Asia in this context (250 words)

1. Economy: Indians contribute in the emerging economies of south east asia such as vitenam, thailand, cambodia
2. historical facts: cambodia angkor vat temple  and other cultural linkages with India establish the fact, greater role of indian diaspora in the South east asia
3. rubber plnatations: many indian workers in malysia and phillipines contrbuting in agricultural plantations
4. scie tech: many scientifc achievments in these countries like new rice varieitis have been contributed by the indian scientists
5. disaster management: indian diaspora has played a greater role to combat disasters (boxing day tsunami such as tsunami attack of 2004) when many poeople died in Thailand- Indians played agreater role post tsunami in socio -economic devlopment
6. society L diaspora contributes in the cultural elemenst like many temples can be found in thailand, laso, fiji
7. political achievemnts: Indian are also in top constitutional posts in these countries

The question of India’s Energy Security constitutes the most important part of India’s economic progress. Analyze India’s energy policy cooperation with West Asian Countries. (250 words)

1. 60% of the energy needs of the counry in terms of oil is met by Saudia Arabia and other west asian countries. This is important for the economic progress of the country
2. Energy security has to be analysed form the culturasl anagle: more frequent visits of the heads of the government, proper bilateral coordination among the countries

Issue of apology from CM

The threat from the Brahman community, that they will boycott all religious ceremonies and last rites in Jamshedpur, if CM fails to issue an apology is not valid on substantive grounds. This brings the masses of Jamshedpur, not at comfort to perform last rites.
However, the issue should be used as an opportunity
1. if Brahmins of local community fails to perform last rites, Brhamins form other states will be called in masses- they will be allowed to stay at dharmshala, hotels chalked by the district administration
2. If some of the native brahmins agree to perform last rites, meanwhile, then equivalent no of brahmins will be asked to leave with respect
3. We should abide by the law- there should be no untoward incidences of communal disharmony in the city- the moment the brahmins from other state are brought into the Jharkhand, there will be suitable protecttion to them from RPF (this will be used as a training session to them to handle social innovation)

Hunger and Poverty are the biggest challenges for good governance in India still today. Evaluate how far successive governments have progressed in dealing with these humongous problems. Suggest measures for improvement. (150 words)

1. Financial inclusion measures : like Jan dhan yojana, Suraksha beema yojana, MNREGA< SITRA (suplly if improved tools for rual artisans). rural landless emplpoyment program (RLEGP), National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) are some of the intiiatives of the past for poverty alleviation. To tackle hunger :National food security act was brought in 2013. Annapurna scheme, Antodaya yojana (35 kg of foodgrains to the family) are some of the past initiatives
However desite such initiatives :
1. still BPL population is 26% of the total population in India
2. India is represented poorly in global hunger report brought by IFPRI (behind Pakistan and Afghanistan are the only countries of the neighbourhood who are better than India in hunger report)
Reasons for the above are:
1. drought
2. structural deficiencies
Innovative strategies need to be deployed for tacking these problems:
1. rice bonds in the international market to borrow money- once we borrow at low interets rates, the money to be deposited in terms of rice export to the lending nation
2. taking help of NGOs to feed poor child
3. taking help of civil scoiety and international NGOs liek OXfam, to generate mass awareness campaign- then poor people t be employed permannently (using their suggestions)
4.Hunger and Poverty schools to be estbalished where only poor people are admitted, they are fed by the state government and 100% job offers to them by MSMEs

‘To ensure effective implementation of policies addressing water, sanitation and hygiene needs, the identification of beneficiary segments is to be synchronized with the anticipated outcomes’ Examine the statement in the context of the WASH scheme. (150 words)

For effective implementation, innovative strategies need to be deployed:
1. what are the areas, where we have frequent water, sanitation and hygiene issues, historical data, geographical data will help us identification of beneficiaries. once identified, proper outcome plan need to be made by local self government institutions like panchayat and munciipalities
2. identificiation of beneficiaries using moving caravans all over the city, traget locations like hospitals, colleges, schools and other institutions where chances of dumping garabage is maximum. Such institutions to have representatives . frequent meeting with them by district collectors for better outcome
3. mass rallies (swachhta pakhwad was one suhc initiaitve) to identify beneficiaries: outcomes to be achiveed by registering online compliants
4. scientific tools like data mining, robots etc for identification of beneficiaries.

*Question was on how will you check the effectiveness of the scheme? (even if you identify the beneficiaries, how will ensure that you are getting results:
** few points are ok like- meetig with district collectors, registering online complaints, data mining etc
*** you can also add few more points like- 100% eliminiation of a water borne disease like cholera in certain district by 2019 or so..(recently we eliminated trachoma)

How to solve the problem of malnutrition in India?

Its very embarassing that despite many government initiatives, we witness acute malnutrition (especially among children). It is also reflected in the Global hunger report, brought by IFPRI (international food policy research institute). The reasons are:
1. drought ( so that government initiatives are unable to show fruitful results)
2. structural deficiency (so that multiplier effect of government policies, do not come out efficiently)
We need to deploy innovative measures to solve the malnutrition problem:
1.monetary benefits , for e.g. giving Rs 6000 to pregnant lactating women; need to go beyond this; only monetary benefits to selective population- a more better strategy would be mass upheaval programme. Fund a pool of money- from actors, civil society, government, NGOs, corporates, FDI, borrowing etc., then randomly distibute this money to all who are admitted in the hospitals (who are currently undergoing treatment for malnutrition such as anameia, child stunting, wasting etc). The names of the beneficiaries can be taken from the hospital records, anganwadis, PHCs, CHCs (why to involve a complex process of first identification of beneficiaries through SECC, an then giving them benefits, this is the long process, often results get delayed)
2. proper surveillance measures; the beneficiaries need to be tracked, using local self govenrment institutions like Panchayats, municipalies, district collectors etc.
3. mass awarenes- through facebook, whatspp, gmail-bulk messages, instagram, linkedin etc.
4. shedding off ego- district collectors going for door to door campaign along with local legislators like wards; and to enroll themselevs in such programmes
5. learning from examples ; other countries best practices to be emulated- Brazil, african countries, fiji etc who have more thrust on such social welfare schemes
6. incentives based programmes- the institutions who will enrol maximum number of such beneficiaries will get monetary awards, permanent jobs in government organisations etc.
Basically, a comprehensive approach focussing on mass upheaval is necessary.

India has achieved remarkable successes in unmanned space missions including the Chandrayaan and Mars Orbitter Mission, but has not ventured into manned space mission, both in terms of technology and logistics? Explain critically

Technology obstacles:
1. India has entered late into GS:LV regime, that can lift off the heavy satellites (it enetered late into MTCR), so with PSLV technologies were unable for a manned space mission (need a tehcnology that can lift off heavier versions).; also manned space mission currently technology available with Russia, China and US. (GSLV need much more tweaking to achiev manned space mission, technology transfer has not tken place from these countries)
Logistics obstacles:
1. space base mainly publicly owned ; ISRO and Space centre located at Bengaluru, need also private owners for assembly and contributing the required manpower.
However despite this, governemnt is passionate about chandrayaan mission, first moon landing mission in 2018 (with ISRO and private partners and tweaking of GSLV)

*It is not a manned mission, but a rover and lander
**you are right in tweaking technologies- we need a life supporting system, technology that can dock into the space station, environmental control and life supporting system, re-entry technology and etc.

Stem cell therapy is gaining popularity in India to treat a wide variety of medical conditions including leukaemia, Thallessemia, damaged sornea and several burns. Describe briefly what stem cell therapy is and what advantages it has over other treatments?

stem cell therapy refers to using adult cell to treat a degenrative state of tissues such as skin, blood, cornea etc. adult cell is take from the patient or some other person. It is then used to treat medical conditions such as thalassemia, leukemia, damged cornea.
Advantages:
1. you need not got bald, as in cancer threatment using chemotherapy
2. no ventilator conditions as in coma
3. not prolonged tratment (does not create fear among the patients)
4. an emerging technology, many countries doing reserach over the topic; so better tools and technoques , new ones to achive the desired treatments,
5. can be low cost as compared to conventional tratements
6. available help from international arena
7. acceptance among people

What are the reasons for poor acceptance of cost effective small processing unit? How the food processing unit will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers?

1. prior experience: small units not achieving break even point early (due to less market for its products)
2. geographical backwardness; reluctance to invest in processing units located in backward areas like bundelkahnd, bhagelkhand , coastal areas, SEZ etc have an advantage
3.government policies ; special policies for MSMEs , lack of implementation, lack of fund access, mainly through NBFCs, formal banking channel roite funding less observed
4. cultural backwardness, how many countries would like to invest in steel plant located in tezpur in assam, even though areas have good coal reserves
5. societal pressures, forest need to be cleared up  for sonme of them, and to go for small processing units, forest clearance is generally avoided. CAMPA fund utilisation issues in such cases
food processing units
1. farmers can get their good returns for theor produce, not dependent n markest alone, proper forward linkages will ensure economic upliftment
2. farmers produce will not get waste, food processing units will proactively procure produce from them (right season, on the spot), no issues of hoarding, seamless value added chain
3. farmers will get societal upliftment, they can own farmes in the vicinity of processing units, better standards of living will be ensured by the government

Explain various types of revolutions, took place in Agriculture after Independence in India. How these revolutions have helped in poverty alleviation and food security in India?

1, Green revolution: packaged programme, irigation facilities, HYV seeds were component of the revolution. mainly concentarted in the northern part of the country; chemical fertilisers were focussed upon
2. Blue revolution: fisheries production, mainly concentrated on the coastal regions of the country, Kerela, Tamil Nadu, Anodhra pradesh were the focus states. Government policies to increase the productivity of fish culture, ornamental fishing etc. to boost the same.
3. Pink revolution: focussed on meat production, pork, meat etc. after getting approval of APEDA, transported to countries like Indonesia, Phillipines, Middle east. foreign exchange earner, GDP contributer

These revolution helped in poverty alleviation  by multi pronged approach
1. poor farmers made use of HYV seeds, got better return of the farming
2. geographical backwardness removed after using irrigation faiclities, more projects came in that area
3. fisheries prdouctovity helped in better earnign to the poor sea side farmers, fishermen
4. meat produciton helped in btter return (diversified their earning)

food security:
1. population now not only dependent on agriculture products
2. fish, meat etc served their nutrition as well as calorie requirements
3. organisation like WTO, subsidies on public stockholding programme , peace clause achiebved, government committed to the solution of food security,

more need to be done
1. innovatiove approach like bring green revolution to eastern india
2. fishing in hinterland states, coordination with coastal states
3. meat production without unethical cattle slaughter programme, prevent cow vigilantes

Is the National Commission for Women able to strategize and tackle the problems that women face at both public and private spheres? Give reasons in support of your answer. (250 words)

It may strategise, but is it considered a toothless institution which can not bite? In order to tackle th problems, it will need more powers, similar to the constitutional bodies, bodies set up under law, As of now, its powers are limited to recommednations.Habeas corpus, similar to the judiciary instittutions, work for NCW but not to the fullest capacity, so startegy works but to the limitation that it is unable to take action.
Rapes, women trafficking at Delhi - so far no extreme actions could be taken so far by NCW.
Where are we heading to
?